IE Business School (formerly Instituto de Empresa) has its main campus on the border of the Chamartín and Salamanca districts of Madrid. [139]:62–4 In terms of longer-distance transport, Madrid is the central node of the system of autovías and of the high-speed rail network (AVE), which has brought major cities such as Seville and Barcelona within 2.5 hours travel time. [62], The Spanish Constitution of 1931 was the first to legislate the location of the country's capital, setting it explicitly in Madrid. [191] It is one of the city's main attractions with tapas bars, cocktail bars, clubs, jazz lounges, live music venues and flamenco theatres. Stocks & shares, bond markets, insurance, and pension funds are other important forms of financial institution in the city. The oldest urban core is located on the hills next to the left bank of the Manzanares River. The Spanish ZIP Codes consist of five digits, where the first two refer to the province in alphabetical order (according to the official name in the year of implementation), followed by the cities of Ceuta and Melilla, whose codes initially belonged to the provinces of Cadiz and Malaga respectively and years later they were assigned new codes. [79] The following administrations, also conservative, led by Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón and Ana Botella launched three unsuccessful bids for the 2012, 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics. The postal code in Spain. In 2007, this was recognised by the European Pride Owners Association (EPOA) when Madrid hosted Europride, the Official European Pride Parade. Use our interactive map, address lookup, or code list to find the correct zip code for your postal mails destination. Pedro de Ribera introduced Churrigueresque architecture to Madrid; the Cuartel del Conde-Duque, the church of Montserrat, and the Bridge of Toledo are among the best examples. The most important Spanish business schools (IESE, IE, ESADE) have invested 125 million euros in expanding their campuses in Madrid in 2020.[229]. The average life expectancy was 82.2 years for males and 87.8 for females in 2016.[101]. [140] In 2011 the city itself had a GDP per capita 74% above the national average and 70% above that of the 27 European Union member states, although 11% behind the average of the top 10 cities of the EU. Publicar un libro es solamente el primer paso de un largo camino a ser recorrido. The Monte de El Pardo is the largest forested area in the municipality. Madrid is a good destination for business schools and a city much desired by foreign students. [221] Atlético is considered a European elite team, having reached in the last ten seasons, three UEFA Europa League titles and two UEFA Champions League finals. [112] During the second half of the 16th-century the use of pointy slate spires in order to top structures such as church towers was imported to Spain from Central Europe. [139]:265 However, industry has slowly declined within the city boundaries as more industry has moved outward to the periphery. [211], The Madrilenian LGTB Pride has grown to become the event bringing the most people together in the city each year[212] as well as one of the most importants Pride celebrations worldwide. It is a fast dualled highway in its initial stretch from Madrid to Colmenar Viejo, and part of the Regional Road Network [es] (in relation to the concerning administration, not to the technical features of the road). This system is connected with Metro (presently 22 stations) and Light Metro. [186] Other offal dishes typical in the city include the gallinejas [es][186] or grilled pig's ear. It scored ahead of usual stalwarts, INSEAD and IMD, giving it top billing among International MBA programs. The region has its own legislature and it enjoys a wide range of competencies in areas such as social spending, healthcare, education. Madrid (or the wider region) hosts the main TV and radio producers and broadcasters as well as the most of the major written mass media in Spain. During the revolt of the Comuneros, led by Juan de Padilla, Madrid joined the revolt against Charles, Holy Roman Emperor, but after defeat at the Battle of Villalar, Madrid was besieged and occupied by the imperial troops. The private Camilo José Cela University (Universidad Camilo José Cela; UCJC) has a postgrade school in Chamberí. The headquarters of both the Directorate-General of the Police and the Directorate-General of the Civil Guard are located in Madrid. The Autonomous University is widely recognised for its research strengths in theoretical physics. The Reina Sofía also hosts a free-access art library. [139]:52 It is the second metropolis in the EU by population, and the third by gross internal product. [188][189][184], Traditional desserts include torrijas (a variant of French toast consumed in the Easter)[186][190] and bartolillos [es]. Created during the reign of Philip IV (17th century), it was handed over to the municipality in 1868, after the Glorious Revolution. [139]:69 Leading employers include Telefónica, Iberia, Prosegur, BBVA, Urbaser, Dragados, and FCC. [239] Since the 1970s, the fleet of taxis has remained stable roughly around 16,000 vehicles, accounting for 15,600 in 2014. Going out, eating, drinking, and bohemian cool! Banks based in Madrid carry out 72% of the banking activity in Spain. 10 As of 2018, the city has 793 hotels, 85,418 hotel places and 43,816 hotel rooms.[147]p. Some of them are among the oldest in the world, and many of them are the most prestigious universities in Spain. Originally named as the Bank of San Carlos as it was founded in 1782, it was later renamed to Bank of San Fernando in 1829 and ultimately became the Bank of Spain in 1856. [57] Unlike other European capitals, during the first half of the 19th century the only noticeable bourgeois elements in Madrid (that experienced a delay in its industrial development up to that point) were merchants. Clock-wise starting from the north: the A-1 (Madrid–Irún–French border), A-2 (Madrid–Zaragoza–Barcelona–French border), A-3 (Madrid–Valencia), A-4 (Madrid–Córdoba–Sevilla–Cádiz), A-5 (Madrid–Badajoz–Portuguese border) and the A-6 (Madrid–A Coruña). The first democratic mayors belonged to the centre-left PSOE (Enrique Tierno Galván, Juan Barranco Gallardo). The Spanish media conglomerate PRISA (Cadena SER, Los 40 Principales, M80 Radio, Cadena Dial) is headquartered in Gran Vía street in central Madrid. During the decade of the 2000s, the four tallest skyscrapers in Spain were built and together form the Cuatro Torres Business Area. [citation needed], The Complutense University of Madrid (Universidad Complutense de Madrid; UCM) is the second largest university in Spain after UNED and one of the oldest universities in the world. [39] The city was confirmed as villa de realengo [es] (linked to the Crown) in 1123, during the reign of Alfonso VII. Located next to the Royal Palace and the Almudena, Patrimonio Nacional has tentatively scheduled its opening for 2021. [27][28], There are three established theories regarding the origin of the toponym "Madrid" (all of them with problems when it comes to fully explain the phonetic evolution of the toponym along history), namely:[29]. Construction of affordable housing failed to keep pace and increased political instability discouraged economic investment in housing in the years immediately prior to the Civil War. An iconic item in the museum is the Lady of Elche, an Iberian bust from the 4th century BC. 41", "Madrid Nightlife Has Lost a Bit of Its Magic", http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-37308642.html, https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20180726/451110311856/paro-madrid-baja-1006-trimestre.html, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, "Tres factores que convierten a Lavapiés en un área vulnerable al aumento de pisos turísticos", "El Ayuntamiento de Madrid aprueba la normativa que cerrará más de 10.000 pisos turísticos", "Almeida estudia eliminar la exigencia de que los pisos turísticos en Madrid tengan un acceso diferenciado al de los vecinos", "La productora argentina Azteka Films abrirá oficina en Madrid a finales de año", "Madrid Region Booms as an International Production Hub", "Cuando Clint Eastwood mataba forajidos en la sierra de Madrid", "Amazon chooses Madrid for European production hub", "Madrid emerges as TV series production hub", "DAZN abre en Madrid un centro de producción virtual", "España, la nueva meca industrial de la televisión", "Madrid concentra el poder mediático en España", "Museo Reina Sofía (MNCARS), official English webpage", "Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza, Industrialist Who Built Fabled Art Collection, Dies at 81", "The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando Museum, Madrid", "WICHITA STATE UNIVERSITY SCULPTURE TOUR – Wichita State University", "Caixaforum Madrid | Nuestros centros | Obra Social "la Caixa, "Patrimonio Nacional - Palacio Real de Madrid", "Patrimonio Nacional invierte 900.000 euros en apuntalar las Colecciones Reales", "INICIO MUSEO NAVAL MADRID – Museo Naval – Armada Española – Ministerio de Defensa – Gobierno de España", "Patrimonio Nacional – Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales", "Fundación Lázaro Galdiano museum website", "Matadero Madrid, la tercera institución cultural mejor valorada del país", "Real Decreto 1109/1993, de 9 de julio, por el que se aprueba los Estatutos de la Real Academia Española", "Date un homenaje: los cinco guisos de puchero más calóricos", "Los mejores sitios para comer oreja a la plancha en Madrid", "Jornadas de turismo gastronómico en la Comunidad de Madrid", "Un acercamiento a la gastronomía madrileña", "Los placeres de la cocina madrileña: 4 recetas que lo demuestran", "Madrid after dark: How to go out like the locals", "Things to do in Madrid – Popular sightseeing activities & things to do in Madrid", "Festival Alternativo de las Artes Escénicas, Madrid, Spain – Things to Do Reviews", "El Mundo – Art Madrid ¿Alternativo o complementario a ARCO? Las Ventas also hosts music concerts and other events outside of the bullfighting season. During the early 19th century, the Peninsular War, the loss of viceroyalties in the Americas, and continuing coups limited the city's architectural development (Royal Theatre, the National Library of Spain, the Palace of the Senate, and the Congress). [24], While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Despite often being labelled as "having no tradition" by foreigners,[218] the Carnival was popular in Madrid already in the 16th century. The "Barrio de las Letras" (Quarter of Letters) owes its name to the intense literary activity developed over the 16th and 17th centuries. Madrid is the capital of the Kingdom of Spain. The area of Chueca has also become a hot spot in the Madrilenian nightlife, especially for the gay population. Most of the literary routes are articulated along the Barrio de las Letras, where you can find scenes from novels of the Siglo de Oro and more recent works like "Bohemian Lights". [161], The Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum (Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza) is an art museum that fills the historical gaps in its counterparts' collections: in the Prado's case, this includes Italian primitives and works from the English, Dutch, and German schools, while in the case of the Reina Sofía, the Thyssen-Bornemisza collection, once the second largest private collection in the world after the British Royal Collection,[162] includes Impressionists, Expressionists, and European and American paintings from the second half of the 20th century, with over 1,600 paintings.[163]. It shares the Ciudad Universitaria campus with the UCM, while it also owns several schools scattered in the city centre and additional campuses in the Puente de Vallecas district and in the neighbouring municipality of Boadilla del Monte. Nor has Madrid retained much Renaissance architecture, other than the Bridge of Segovia and the Convent of Las Descalzas Reales. The academy is also the headquarters of the Madrid Academy of Art.[n. The Segovia Viaduct linked the Royal Alcázar to the southern part of town. [215] In 2017, Madrid celebrated the 40th anniversary of their first Pride Parade by hosting the WorldPride Madrid 2017. [85] The Monte de El Pardo (a protected forested area covering over a quarter of the municipality) reaches its top altitude (843 m (2,766 ft)) on its perimeter, in the slopes surrounding El Pardo reservoir [es] located at the north-western end of the municipality, in the Fuencarral-El Pardo district.[86]. Sit back and enjoy! [60] The introduction of railway transport greatly helped Madrid's economic prowess, and led to changes in consumption patterns (such as the substitution of salted fish for fresh fish from the Spanish coasts) as well as further strengthening the city's role as a logistics node in the country's distribution network. As of 2019[update], it has 302 stations. The Plenary of the Ayuntamiento is the body of political representation of the citizens in the municipal government. Nevertherless, its real origin dates back to 1293, when King Sancho IV of Castile built the General Schools of Alcalá, which would give rise to Cisnero's Complutense University. It was hailed by the President of the EPOA as “the best Europride in history”. Services to business, transport & communications, property & financial together account for 52% of total value added. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country. They are mostly located in the centre of the city, including in Ópera, Antón Martín, Chueca and Malasaña. There is a considerable difference in altitude within the city proper ranging from the 700 m (2,297 ft) around Plaza de Castilla in the north of city to the 570 m (1,870 ft) around La China wastewater treatment plant on the Manzanares' riverbanks, near the latter's confluence with the Fuente Castellana thalweg in the south of the city. At 87 Calle de Atocha, one of the roads that limit the neighbourhood, was the printing house of Juan Cuesta, where the first edition of the first part of Don Quixote (1604) was published, one of the greatest works of Spanish literature. Madrid", "Population statistics at regional level - Statistics Explained", "Crece un 6% la población extranjera en Madrid hasta llegar al 21,5%", "El éxodo venezolano empuja a Madrid a su récord histórico de población extranjera", "Postelectoral Elecciones Autonómicas y municipales 2019. Domicilo en España / Nº / Piso / Localidad / C.P. [191] Some of the highlight bustling locations include the surroundings of the Plaza de Santa Ana, Malasaña and La Latina (particularly near the Cava Baja [es]). Some of the big public universities headquartered in the surrounding municipalities also have secondary campuses in Madrid proper: it is the case of the Charles III University of Madrid (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; UC3M) with its main site in Getafe and an educational facility in Embajadores (after signing a deal with the regional government and the city council in 2011)[228] and the King Juan Carlos University (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; URJC) having its main site in Móstoles and a secondary campus in Vicálvaro. [124] Having an area bigger than 1.4 km2 (0.5 sq mi) (350 acres), it is the largest park within the Almendra Central, the inner part of the city enclosed by the M-30. After it became the capital of Spain in the 16th century, Madrid was more a centre of consumption than of production or trade. The Atresmedia group (Antena 3, La Sexta, Onda Cero) is headquartered in nearby San Sebastián de los Reyes. The final three figures indicate the postal zone. [183], The Madrilenian cuisine has received plenty of influences from other regions of Spain and its own identity actually relies in its ability to assimilate elements from the immigration. [46], During the early 17th century, although Madrid recovered from the loss of the capital status, with the return of diplomats, lords and affluent people, as well as an entourage of noted writers and artists together with them, extreme poverty was however rampant. [139]:51 Nevertheless, Madrid continues to hold the position of Spain's second industrial centre after Barcelona, specialising particularly in high-technology production. And finally, Tirso de Molina, who created the character Don Juan. Together with RTVE, Atresmedia and Mediaset account for nearly the 80% of share of generalist TV.[160]. [214] The 2018 Madrid Pride roughly had 1.5 million participants.[147]p. Madrid Aeropuerto)", "Guía resumida del clima en España (1981–2010)", "Monthly weather forecast and climate - Madrid, Spain", "HISTORIALIA – Presa de El Atazar. The authorisation entails a badge for the vehicle and a license for the driver, who has to be older than 18. [108] He is responsible to the Pleno. The headquarters of the Higher Office of Police of Madrid (Jefatura Superior de Policía de Madrid), the peripheral branch of the National Police Corps with jurisdiction over the region also lies on Madrid. Postal codes were introduced in Spain in 1981. The Technical University of Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; UPM), is the top technical university in Spain. The National Library of Spain is the largest major public library in Spain. Other highlights of the museum, which is mainly dedicated to Spanish art, include excellent collections of Spain's greatest 20th-century masters including Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró, Picasso, Juan Gris, and Julio González. [52], Seeking to take advantage of the Madrid's location at the geographic centre of Spain, the 18th century saw a sustained effort to create a radial system of communications and transports for the country through public investments. It was then when the new campus at Somosaguas was created to house the new School of Social Sciences. España, 1936-1939. The special Airport Express Shuttle line connecting the airport with the city centre features distinctively yellow buses. Their names are R-2 [es], R-3, R-4 and R-5 [es] and they were intended to provide a paid alternative to the often overcrowded free radials. Flight updates due to the evolution of Coronavirus: . [130] Already mentioned in the Alfonso XI's Libro de la montería [es] from the mid 14th-century, its condition as hunting location linked to the Spanish monarchy help to preserve the environmental value. [144] Employment continues to shift further towards the service sector, with 86% of all jobs in this sector by 2011, against 74% in all of Spain. The Metro is the rapid transit system serving Madrid as well as some suburbs. [232][230] In 2016 it was announced that Madrid will stop the use of all diesel powered cars and trucks within the next decade. 32, By the late 2010s, the gentrification and the spike of tourist apartments in the city centre led to an increase in rental prices, pushing residents out of the city centre. 2014. It is a public holiday. Some of the best writers of the Spanish Golden Century were born in Madrid, including: Lope de Vega (Fuenteovejuna, The Dog in the Manger, The Knight of Olmedo), who reformed the Spanish theatre, a work continued by Calderon de la Barca (Life is a Dream), Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish nobleman and writer known for his satires, which criticised the Spanish society of his time, and author of El Buscón. Following the recession, services and industry were forecast to return to growth in 2014, and construction in 2015. El proceso arquitectónico en las "Obras reales" de la Casa de Austria", "Aproximación a la regulación del espacio rural madrileño en el tránsito de la Edad Media a la Moderna", "La reconstrucción de Madrid y de Varsovia desde 1939/1945: diferencias estructurales y similitudes orgánicas", "El chabolismo vertical: los movimientos migratorios y la política de vivienda franquista (1955-1975)", "Madrid, de simple ciudadela a Villa real", Official website of Madrid on tourism and business, Official website of Madrid in the Spain's national tourism portal, Gargantilla del Lozoya y Pinilla de Buitrago, Institutional seats of the European Union, Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madrid&oldid=1012038425, Municipalities in the Community of Madrid, Populated places established in the 9th century, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021, Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles needing additional references from January 2015, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 March 2021, at 07:26. Winters are cool due to its altitude, which is approximately 667 m (2,188 ft) above sea level, including sporadic snowfalls and frequent frosts between December and February. [159], RTVE, the state-owned Spanish Radio and Television Corporation is headquartered in Madrid along with all its TV and radio channels and web services (La 1, La 2, Clan, Teledeporte, 24 Horas, TVE Internacional, Radio Nacional de España), Radio Exterior de España, Radio Clásica. Its 57 members are elected for a 4-year mandate. A great bulk of the most important parks in Madrid are related to areas originally belonging to the royal assets (including El Pardo, Soto de Viñuelas, Casa de Campo, El Buen Retiro, la Florida and the Príncipe Pío hill, and the Queen's Casino). 34, Since Spain legalised same-sex marriage in July 2005,[217] Madrid has become one of the largest hot spots for LGBT culture. [84] In April 2019 the plenary of the ayuntamiento passed a plan intending to regulate this practice, seeking to greatly limit the number of tourist apartments. 9 The biggest share of international tourists come from the United States, followed by Italy, France, United Kingdom and Germany.[147]p. [139]:76–78 Madrid's central location makes it a major logistical base. [Note: The distance between cities in Spain distance chart below is straight line distance (may be called as flying or air distance) between the two locations in Spain calculated based on their latitudes and longitudes. The UAM is considered the institution to study Law in Spain,[according to whom? [61] Electric lightning in the streets was introduced in the 1890s. The Autonomous University of Madrid (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; UAM) was instituted under the leadership of the physicist, Nicolás Cabrera. A significant portion of the southern part runs underground parallel to the Manzanares, with tunnel sections of more than 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) in length and 3 to 6 lanes in each direction. Madrid is served by several roads and three modes of public surface transport, and two airports, one of them being almost two different airports. Cars (except for hybrid and electric vehicles as well as residents and guests) were banned in the Madrid Central low-emission zone in 2018. [54] The reign of Charles III, who came to be known as "the best mayor of Madrid", saw an effort to turn the city into a true capital, with the construction of sewers, street lighting, cemeteries outside the city and a number of monuments and cultural institutions. We recommend you to also check the institute responsible for the official postal code of Spain.
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